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Outline

  1. WELCOME
    1. Welcome note
    2. Organization of topics
    3. Navigation and uses of the website
  1. INTRODUCTION
    1. Introduction
    2. Different types of crises
    3. The effects of crises on health
    4. What about relief interventions?
    5. Why is epidemiology useful?
    6. Limitations of epidemiology
    7. Want to read more?
  1. EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION
    1. Ethical issues in data collection
      1. Introduction
      2. Community approval
      3. Bureaucratic approval
      4. Security
    1. Need for epidemiologic competence
      1. Qualifications of an epidemiologist
      2. Where to find epidemiologists
    1. Surveys
      1. Introduction
        1. What is a survey and when and why they are done
        2. Types of outcomes and indicators measured in a survey
        3. Reasons to do a survey
        4. Questions to ask before beginning a survey
        5. Alternatives to conducting new surveys
        6. Limitations of surveys
        7. Formulation of goals and objectives
      2. Description of sampling methods
        1. Sampling unit
        2. What is sampling
        3. Why do sampling
        4. Goal of sampling
        5. Simple random sampling
        6. Systematic random sampling
        7. Choosing a sampling method
        8. Cluster sampling
        9. Sampling - Additional resources
      3. Sampling error, bias, accuracy, precision, and sample size
        1. Bias and sampling error
          1. Bias
            1. Measurement bias
            2. Sampling bias
          2. Sampling error
        2. Confidence intervals
        3. Accuracy and precision - the theory
          1. Sample size
      4. Resources required for surveys
        1. Personnel
        2. Supplies and equipment
      5. Critiquing survey reports
        1. Objectives of the survey
        2. Justification for the survey
        3. General procedures
        4. Definition of the outcomes and risk factors measured in a survey
        5. Sample size determination
        6. Sampling method
        7. Data analysis
        8. Discussion
        9. Conclusions
        10. Recommendations
    1. Surveillance
      1. When to do surveillance
        1. What is surveillance?
        2. Why do surveillance?
        3. Step in carrying out surveillance
      2. Surveillance methods
        1. Comparison of surveillance with other data collection methods
        2. Morbidity surveillance
        3. Mortality surveillance
        4. Types of surveillance
        5. Case definitions
        6. Data flow
      3. Surveillance - common problems
        1. Inherent problems
        2. Incomplete reporting
        3. Biases from the health system
        4. Changes in the surveillance system
        5. Denominator problems
        6. Assessing the quality of surveillance data
    1. Program data
      1. Introduction
      2. Example
      3. Limitations
    1. Rapid Assessment
      1. Introduction
      2. Definitions and goals
      3. Methods
      4. Questions answered by rapid assessment
      5. Guidelines and manuals
      6. Problems and difficulties
  1. OUTCOMES AND INDICATORS
    1. Mortality
      1. Indicators and their measurement
        1. Why measure mortality
        2. The parts of a mortality rate
        3. Formats for mortality rates
        4. Types of mortality rates
        5. Mortality rates for children
        6. Number of excess deaths
        7. Causes of death, as measured in surveys
      2. Data sources
        1. Introduction
        2. Surveillance - Prospective death reporting
        3. Surveys - Retrospective data collection
        4. The recall period and its definition
        5. Determining the length of the recall period
        6. Data collection and the questionnaire
        7. Calculation of the mortality rate from survey data - quiz
        8. Surveys measuring mortality - summary
      3. Interpretation and action
        1. Existing recommendations for judging how elevated a mortality rate is
        2. Judging the quality of mortality estimates
    1. Nutrition
      1. Introduction and background
        1. Types of malnutrition
        2. Kwashiorkor and marasmus
        3. Malnutrition in adults
        4. Micronutrient deficiencies
      2. Indicators and their measurement
        1. Introduction to anthropometry
        2. Anthropometric indices
        3. Reference populations
        4. Calculation of percent of median
        5. Oedema
        6. Calculation of z-scores
        7. Adults and body mass index (BMI)
        8. Clinical indicators of micronutrient deficiencies
        9. Biochemical indicators of micronutrient deficiencies
        10. Calculating prevalence of malnutrition
      3. Data sources
        1. Surveillance
        2. Surveys
        3. Other data sources necessary to explain causes of malnutrition
      4. Interpretation and action
        1. Factors in interpreting data on acute protein-energy malnutrition
          1. Prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition
          2. Trends over time
          3. Underlying causes
          4. Relationship between malnutrition and mortality
        2. Interventions for acute protein-energy malnutrition
        3. Interpreting results of micronutrient assessment
        4. Interventions for micronutrient deficiencies
    1. Health services
      1. Health service indicators
      2. Health service utilization
      3. Effectiveness of health services
      4. Delay in seeking health care
    1. Vaccination programmes
      1. Introduction to vaccination
      2. Vaccination indicators
      3. Vaccine coverage
        1. Administrative estimate
        2. Survey estimate
        3. Comparison of administrative and survey estimates
      4. Surveillance for vaccine-preventable diseases
    1. Water supply, sanitation, and shelter
      1. Introduction to water supply, sanitation, and shelter
      2. Water supply indicators
      3. Sanitation indicators
      4. Shelter indicators
    1. Violence
      1. Violence in general
      2. Gender-based violence
  1. ANALYSIS, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND DISSEMINATION
    1. Presentation of results
      1. Mortality indicators
      2. Morbidity indicators
      3. Nutrition indicators
      4. Vaccination indicators
      5. Other indicators
    1. Formulating conclusions and recommendations
      1. Over-interpreting results
      2. Extrapolating results to other populations
      3. Knowing background information
      4. Interpreting in context
      5. Targeting recommendations
    1. Dissemination and action
      1. Dissemination and action