|
Outline
-
WELCOME
- Welcome note
- Organization of topics
- Navigation and uses of the website
-
INTRODUCTION
- Introduction
- Different types of crises
- The effects of crises on health
- What about relief interventions?
- Why is epidemiology useful?
- Limitations of epidemiology
- Want to read more?
- EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION
-
Ethical issues in data collection
- Introduction
- Community approval
- Bureaucratic approval
- Security
-
Need for epidemiologic competence
- Qualifications of an epidemiologist
- Where to find epidemiologists
-
Surveys
-
Introduction
- What is a survey and when and why they are done
- Types of outcomes and indicators measured in a survey
- Reasons to do a survey
- Questions to ask before beginning a survey
- Alternatives to conducting new surveys
- Limitations of surveys
- Formulation of goals and objectives
-
Description of sampling methods
- Sampling unit
- What is sampling
- Why do sampling
- Goal of sampling
- Simple random sampling
- Systematic random sampling
- Choosing a sampling method
- Cluster sampling
- Sampling - Additional resources
-
Sampling error, bias, accuracy, precision, and sample size
-
Bias and sampling error
-
Bias
- Measurement bias
- Sampling bias
- Sampling error
- Confidence intervals
-
Accuracy and precision - the theory
- Sample size
-
Resources required for surveys
- Personnel
- Supplies and equipment
-
Critiquing survey reports
- Objectives of the survey
- Justification for the survey
- General procedures
- Definition of the outcomes and risk factors measured in a survey
- Sample size determination
- Sampling method
- Data analysis
- Discussion
- Conclusions
- Recommendations
-
Surveillance
-
When to do surveillance
- What is surveillance?
- Why do surveillance?
- Step in carrying out surveillance
-
Surveillance methods
- Comparison of surveillance with other data collection methods
- Morbidity surveillance
- Mortality surveillance
- Types of surveillance
- Case definitions
- Data flow
-
Surveillance - common problems
- Inherent problems
- Incomplete reporting
- Biases from the health system
- Changes in the surveillance system
- Denominator problems
- Assessing the quality of surveillance data
-
Program data
- Introduction
- Example
- Limitations
-
Rapid Assessment
- Introduction
- Definitions and goals
- Methods
- Questions answered by rapid assessment
- Guidelines and manuals
- Problems and difficulties
- OUTCOMES AND INDICATORS
-
Mortality
-
Indicators and their measurement
- Why measure mortality
- The parts of a mortality rate
- Formats for mortality rates
- Types of mortality rates
- Mortality rates for children
- Number of excess deaths
- Causes of death, as measured in surveys
-
Data sources
- Introduction
- Surveillance - Prospective death reporting
- Surveys - Retrospective data collection
- The recall period and its definition
- Determining the length of the recall period
- Data collection and the questionnaire
- Calculation of the mortality rate from survey data - quiz
- Surveys measuring mortality - summary
-
Interpretation and action
- Existing recommendations for judging how elevated a mortality rate is
- Judging the quality of mortality estimates
-
Nutrition
-
Introduction and background
- Types of malnutrition
- Kwashiorkor and marasmus
- Malnutrition in adults
- Micronutrient deficiencies
-
Indicators and their measurement
- Introduction to anthropometry
- Anthropometric indices
- Reference populations
- Calculation of percent of median
- Oedema
- Calculation of z-scores
- Adults and body mass index (BMI)
- Clinical indicators of micronutrient deficiencies
- Biochemical indicators of micronutrient deficiencies
- Calculating prevalence of malnutrition
-
Data sources
- Surveillance
- Surveys
- Other data sources necessary to explain causes of malnutrition
-
Interpretation and action
-
Factors in interpreting data on acute protein-energy malnutrition
- Prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition
- Trends over time
- Underlying causes
- Relationship between malnutrition and mortality
- Interventions for acute protein-energy malnutrition
- Interpreting results of micronutrient assessment
- Interventions for micronutrient deficiencies
-
Health services
- Health service indicators
- Health service utilization
- Effectiveness of health services
- Delay in seeking health care
-
Vaccination programmes
- Introduction to vaccination
- Vaccination indicators
-
Vaccine coverage
- Administrative estimate
- Survey estimate
- Comparison of administrative and survey estimates
- Surveillance for vaccine-preventable diseases
-
Water supply, sanitation, and shelter
- Introduction to water supply, sanitation, and shelter
- Water supply indicators
- Sanitation indicators
- Shelter indicators
-
Violence
- Violence in general
- Gender-based violence
- ANALYSIS, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND DISSEMINATION
-
Presentation of results
- Mortality indicators
- Morbidity indicators
- Nutrition indicators
- Vaccination indicators
- Other indicators
-
Formulating conclusions and recommendations
- Over-interpreting results
- Extrapolating results to other populations
- Knowing background information
- Interpreting in context
- Targeting recommendations
-
Dissemination and action
- Dissemination and action
|